(1) Yoga, Buddhism, and Daoism: Psychology Applications – Fall 2009

Reggie Pawle, Ph.D., www.reggiepawle.net; reggiepawle@yahoo.com

Office # 3318; Office Hours: Monday 13:15-14:15; Wednesday 16:00-17:00

Yoga, Buddhism, and Daoism are three of the major religions of Asia. These three are also three of the fundamental traditional self-cultivation systems in Asia. They all include practices that aim to transform the functioning of the human mind and body from ordinary and normal levels to higher levels of wellness and achievement. There are commonalities and differences in their ways of self-cultivation. These Asian practices differ in fundamental ways from the traditional Western psychological understandings and point to alternatives that are helpful for all human beings. Modern psychology, both in Asia and in the West, has applied these traditional systems in a great variety of ways to modern psychotherapeutic healing practices. Particularly there are great differences between the Western and Asian applications. This study will have two parts. First, we will study yoga, Buddhist, and Daoist self-cultivation practices from a psychological perspective. Second, we will examine how these traditional self-cultivation practices have been applied in modern psychotherapeutic work in Asia and the West. Study will be oriented towards students gaining both an intellectual and experiential understanding of yoga, Buddhism, and Daoism. Experiential exercises will include yoga practices, Buddhist meditation practice, Chi Gung exercises, Zen koan practice, mandala drawing, Morita exercises, Naikan exercises, breathing practices, and sensory awareness practice. There will be an optional field trip to traditional self-cultivation sites in Kyoto. For more information, see Dr. Pawle’s website: www.reggiepawle.net.

COURSE TOPICS

Psychology of yoga (India)

Psychology of Yogacara Buddhism (India)

Psychology of Daoism (China)

Naikan and Morita psychology (Japan)

Psychology of Ayurveda and Tantric practice (India)

Psychology of Zen Buddhism (Japan)

Buddhist mindfulness psychology applications

Yoga breath psychology applications

Daoist energy and artistic psychology applications

Jung and Eastern practices

GRADING

5% Explanation paper of one verse of Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras or Vasubandhu’s The Thirty Verses - Due Week 5 – Class 2

30% Midterm Debate and Paper – yogis vs. Buddhists vs. Daoists

Debate Week 8 – Class 1

Paper Due Week 8 – Class 2

25% Individual project on self-cultivation - Due Week 12 – Class 2

Paper; Class report: “What I learned doing my self-cultivation project.”

30% Final take-home exam – Due Thursday, finals week

10% Class participation

Yoga, Buddhism, and Daoism: Psychology Studies and Applications – Fall 2009

Readings will be selected from the following:

Anacker, Stephen. (1984). Seven Works of Vasubandhu: The Buddhist Psychological Doctor. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass.

Brooks, Charles V.W. (1986). Sensory Awareness: The Rediscovery of Experiencing Through Workshops with Charlotte Selver. New York: Viking Press, 1986.

Capra, Fritjof. (2000). The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism. Boston: Shambhala.

Cornelssen, Lucy. (2005). Hunting the “I” According to Sri Ramana Maharshi. Tiruvannamalai, India: Sri Ramanasramam.

Feuerstein, Georg. (1979). The Yoga Sutra of Patanjali. Rochester, Vermont, USA: Inner Traditions International.

Fincher, Susanne. (1991). Creating Mandalas. Boston: Shambhala.

Friedeberger, Julie. (2004). The Healing Power of Yoga: For Health, Well-being, and Inner Peace. New Delhi, India: New Age Books.

Grof, Stanislav & Christina. (eds.) (1989). Spiritual Emergency: When Personal Transformation Becomes a Crisis. New York: Penguin Putnam Inc.

Hammond, Holly. (1995). Being Human is Nothing Extraordinary: An Interview with Charles Belyea. Yoga Journal, Issue 122 (June 1995), pp. 71-75, 143-149.

Harada, Sekkei. (2007). Mind, Buddha, and Sentient Beings, Hosshinji Newsletter, No. 30 (Fall 2007), pp. 1-2.

Hendricks, Gay. (1995). Conscious Breathing. New York: Bantam Books.

Ikkyu. (2003). Wild Ways: Zen Poems. (John Stevens, trans.). Buffalo, New York: White Pine Press.

Jones, Franklin. (1974). The Spiritual Instructions of Swami Muktananda. Lower Lake, California, USA: Dawn Horse Press.

Kabat-Zinn, Jon. (1990). Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness. New York: Random House.

Kakar, Sudhir. (1991). Shamans, Mystics, and Doctors. Chicago, Illinois, USA: University of Chicago Press.

Kaptchuk, Ted. (2000). The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine. New York: Contemporary Books.

Kohn, Livia. (2008). Chinese Healing Exercises: The Tradition of Daoyin. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Kochumuttom, Thomas. (1982). A Buddhist Doctrine of Experience: A New Translation and Interpretation of the Works of Vasubandhu the Yogacarin. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass.

Kuriyama, Shigehisa. (2002). The Expressiveness of the Body and the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine. New York: Zone Books.

Kuroki, Ken. “Psychology of Qi,” “External Qigong Practices,” “Feeling the Sensations of Qi,” http://kenkuroki.net/.

Lao Tsu. (1963). The Way of Lao Tsu (Tao-te Ching). (Wing-tsit Chan, trans. & commentary). New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Co. (original 6^th century B.C.)

Martin, Philip. (1999). The Zen Path Through Depression. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.

Matsumoto, Kiiko, and Birch, Stephen. (1983). Five Elements and Ten Stems: Nan Ching Theory, Diagnostics and Practice. USA: Paradigm Publications.

Nagao, G.M. (1991). Madhyamika and Yogacara: A Study of Mahayana Philosophies. Albany, New York, USA: State University of New York Press.

Pawle, Reggie. (2005). The Psychology of Zen: Could an Eastern View Enhance the Science of Mind and Behavior? Kyoto Journal, 59, pp. 8-13.

Pawle, Reggie. (2005). Naikan: Japanese Psychotherapy. Kansai Time Out, no. 345 (November), p. 45.

Pawle, Reggie. (2006). Think It Over: Reggie Pawle Reviews the Merits of Morita Therapy. Kansai Time Out, no. 352 (June), p. 41.

Pawle, Reggie. (2009). The Ego in the Psychology of Zen: Understanding Reports of Japanese Zen Masters on the Experience of No-self. In Self and No-Self: Continuing the Dialogue between Buddhism and Psychotherapy. Mathers, D., Miller, M., and Osamu, A. (eds). London: Routledge.

Rama, Swami. (2007). Purify Your Chakras: The Practice of Bhuta Shuddhi. Yoga + Joyful Living, Issue 97 (September/October), pp. 40-45.

Rao, K. Ramakrishna. (2003). Scope and substance of Indian psychology. Self & Personality in Yoga & Indian Psychology: A National Conference/Seminar. Visakhapatnam, India: Andhra University.

Reynolds, David. (1980). The Quiet Therapies: Japanese Pathways to Personal Growth. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Sircar, Rina. (1999). Psycho-Ethical Aspects of Abdhidhamma. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.

Stevens, Anthony. (1994). Jung: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.

Svoboda, Robert E. (1998). Prakriti: Your Ayurvedic Constitution. Twin Lakes, Wisconsin, USA: Lotus Press.

Takakusu, Junjiro. (1977). Takakusu Junjiro Zenshu (The Collected Works of Junjiro Takakusu). Tokyo: Kyoiku Shinchosha.

Teich, Anne. (ed.). (1996). Bloomin in the Desert: Favorite Teachings of the Wildflower Monk Taungpulu Tawya Kaba-Aye Sayadaw Phaya. Berkeley, USA: North Atlantic Books.

Tseng, Wen-Shing; Chang, Suk Choo; & Nishizono, Masahisa. (eds.). (2005). Asian Culture and Psychotherapy: Implications for East and West. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

University of Virginia Magazine. (winter 2006). Snap Judgments. p. 46.

Venkatesananda, Swami. (Trans.) Patanjali – Yoga Sutras. HeartMind Institute: www.rainbowbody.net

Vishnudevananda, Swami. (1960). The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga. New York: Bell Publishing.

Waldron, William. A Comparison of the Alayavijnana with Freud’s and Jung’s Theories of the Unconscious. Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute Annual Memoirs, 6, pp. 109-149.

Weatherford, Jack. (2005). Ghengis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. USA: Three Rivers Press.

Welwood, John. (2002). Toward a Psychology of Awakening. Boston: Shambhala.

Wilhelm, Richard (Trans.). (1962). The Secret of the Golden Flower: A Chinese Book of Life. New York: Harcourt Brace and Company.

Wei-Tat (Trans.). (1973). Ch’eng Wei Shih Lun. The Doctrine of Mere Consciousness. (=Vijnatimatrasiddhi). Hong Kong: Ch’eng Wei’Shih Lun Publication Committee.

Yamada, Mumon. How to Practice Zazen. (Eshin Nishimura, trans.) Kyoto: Institute for Zen Studies.

Yomiuri Shimbun, Japanese newspaper, various articles.

Yoga, Buddhism, and Daoism: Psychology Studies and Applications – Fall 2009

Reading Assignments

Week 1 – psychologies of yoga, Buddhism, and Daoism – conceptual introduction

Class 1 – Introduction – Capra, pp. 16-25, 52-54, 302-307.

Class 2 – self-cultivation –

Rao, pp. 7-9; Kuriyama, pp. 185-192; Kashiwagi (student);

Kabat-Zinn, pp. 164-167; Sekkei, newsletter.

Conceptual basis – Weeks 2-7

Week 2 – psychology of yoga

Class 1 – Mind in yoga –

Vishnudevananda, pp. 12-18, 256-276; Yomiuri Shimbun article. Yoga practice – practice of constraint – 8 limbs

Class 2 – Breath in yoga -

Vishnudevananda, pp. 199-203, 220-251; Feuerstein, pp. 96-103;

Venkatesananda, pp. 1-6.

Class activity - Pranayama practice, relaxation practice

Week 3 – psychology of yoga; psychology of Indian Buddhism

Class 1 – National holiday – no class

Class 2 – Energy in yoga -

Vishnudevananda, pp. 286-299; Feuerstein, pp. 59-78; Rama, pp. 40-45.

Class activity - Yoga practice – mantric meditation

Week 4 – psychology of Indian Buddhism

Class 1 - Introduction to psychology of Buddhism -

Abhidhamma and Yogacara; Four Noble Truths; Yogacara – Important Ideas; Sircar, pp. 1-22; Snap judgments - www.implicit.harvard.edu;

Insert - Buddhist practice – bare attention.

Class 2 –Vasubandhu’s The Thirty Verses, verses 1-16 –

Kochumuttom, pp. 127-163; Anacker, pp. 183-190; Wei-Tat, pp. cxxiii-cxxxix. Takakusu, diagram. Inserts - Yogacara – General Notes; Trimsika-karika Sections and Themes.

Class activity – loving kindness meditation.

Week 5 –psychology of Indian Buddhism; psychology of Daoism; Explanation paper due

Class 1 - Vasubandhu’s The Thirty Verses, verses 17-24 -

Nagao, pp. 51-74; Teich, 84-90 (32 parts of the body meditation).

Class 2 – Psychology of Daoism: introduction; Explanation paper due

Kaptchuk, pp. 1-15; Kuriyama, pp. 7-12, pp. 143-152; Matsumoto and Birch, 1-7;

Lao Tsu: #1-#3, #6-#12, #14-#16, #19, #22, #27-#29, #33, #34, #37, #40-#44, #48, #49, #52, #54, #56, #59, #63, #67, #80, #81.

Week 6 – Psychology of Daoism

Class 1 – 5 elements theory

Matsumoto & Birch, pp. 8-35, 40-44; Kuroki, pp. 1-2 http://kenkuroki.net/

Class 2 – Daoist practice–

Wilhelm, pp. 10-15; 30-45, 64-78.

Hammond, pp. 71-75, 143-149; New York Times article.

Week 7 – Review; Historical Practitioners

Class 1 – Review; Comparison with Freud and Jung –

Insert - Jungian Basic Ideas; Yomiuri Shimbun.

Class 2 – Debate Preparation & Historical Practitioners

Ikkyu, pp. 9-12, 32-35, 81, 111-113; Cornelssen, 78-86; Jones, pp. 3-15; Teich, 14, 15, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 52, 53; Sasaki, pp. 10-13; Weatherford, pp. 172-173.

Week 8 – Debate; Debate Paper Due; Self-cultivation therapies

Class 1 – Debate

Psychological applications of self-cultivation practices – Weeks 8B-10A

Class 2 – Use of mindfulness from yoga & Buddhism - stress & dissociation –

Debate paper due

Kabat-Zinn, pp. xv-xvii, 58, 72-74, 91-93, 103-113, 140-146, 149-167.

Friedeberger, pp. 9-17, 127-130.

Workplace stress article; Tonui writing on stress in Africa.

Mindfulness – Dissociation –

Brooks, pp. 23-46; Barbara, pp. 1-8; New York Times article.

Week 9 – Self-cultivation therapies

Class 1 – Zen Buddhist koan practice and depression –

Martin, pp. xi-xiii, 1-17, 66-69, 77-79.

Class 2 – Jung and mandalas –

Jung regarding The Secret of the Golden Flower, pp. 97-107, 128-137;

Fincher, pp. 19-32; Mandalas insert, pp. 1-4.

Traditional Psychologies in Modern Contexts – Weeks 10A-12A

Week 10 – Buddhism applied in Japan

Class 1 – Morita –

Reynolds, 4-45; Pawle, p. 41.

Class 2 – Naikan –

Reynolds, 46-65; Pawle, p. 45.

Week 11 – yoga applied in India

Class 1 – Ayurveda –

Kakar, pp. 252-270; Svoboda, pp. 31-49.

Class 2 – Tantra psychology –

Kakar, pp. 161-190.

Week 12 – Daoism applied in China; Integrating East & West; Individual Project Due

Class 1 – Daoism in modern China

Daoyin, pp. 198-217.

Integrating East & West

Class 2 – Spiritual emergency; Individual Project Paper & Report Due

Grof, pp. 1-26, 109-120.

Week 13 – Contrasting approaches to East-West integration

Class 1 - Jung and yoga psychology –

Jung regarding The Secret of the Golden Flower, pp. 81-96.

Class 2 – Buddhism and psychotherapy

Welwood, pp. vi-xx, 11-21, 200-218.

http://www.instituteforspiritualityandpsychology.com/mp3s/audio.asp

Week 14 – Psychology of Zen Buddhism

Class 1 – Fundamentals of a psychology of Zen Buddhism

Pawle, pp. 45-55, 8-13; Four Buddhist text readings. Reynolds, pp. 78-90;

Class 2 – Psychology of Zen Buddhism

Yamada, pp. 3-24; Four Buddhist readings (Mumonkan Case 19, Hekiganroku Case 1, Fukanzazengi).

Week 15 – Final Take-home Exam

(2)THE MYSTERY OF CROSS-CULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS: SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES

Fall 2009; Reggie Pawle, Ph.D.; Office # 3318

www.reggiepawle.net; reggiepawle@yahoo.com

Office Hours: Monday 13:15-14:15; Wednesday 16:00-17:00

Human beings are everywhere drawn together, yet not fully understanding each other abounds. Human relationships are challenging and rewarding in any social context, and when they become cross-cultural, they become even more so. There are no ultimate answers in this endeavor. Rather, the approach of this course is to explore together various psychological and social influences that are particularly important considerations in cross-cultural relationships. This exploration will begin with studying how people adapt to a foreign culture, then cross-cultural influences in friendship relationships, romantic relationships, and family relationships. The focus will be on both social and psychological factors. The hope is that students will make experiential connections between the factors studied and their actual lived cross-cultural experience in relationships. This study includes both intellectual study and experiential learning. Attention is given to people from “individualistic” cultures learning about “collective” cultures and vice versa. This is a participatory course, so students should be willing to interact with other students in an examination of relationship factors in their own cross-cultural experience. For a class-by-class description, see Dr. Pawle’s website: www.reggiepawle.net.

COURSE TOPICS

The relationship of culture and psychology Acculturation and adaptation

How behavior is interpreted culturally Cultural value orientations

Cross-cultural friendship relationships Cultural ethics considerations

Cross-cultural romantic relationships Cross-cultural communication

Cross-cultural family considerations Cross-cultural conflicts

GRADING

25% Midterm Exam - Week 8 - Class 1

30% Group Role Play and Individual Report

Group Role Play – Due Week 12 – Class 2 – 15% of final grade.

Individual Report – Due Week 13 – Class 1 – 800 words –15% of final grade

25% Final Paper – Comparison of Cross-Cultural Relationship Experience with a Classmate

Discussion report due last class of the term (Week 14, Class 2)

Paper due Finals Week

20% Class participation

Readings will be selected from the following:

Bennett, Milton. (ed.). (1998). Basic Concepts of Intercultural Communication. Yarmouth, Maine, USA: Intercultural Press

Canning, Charlie. (2008). Ki-Sho-Ten-Ketsu Essay. Kansai Time Out, February, p. 31.

Cohen, Martin. (2007). 101 Ethical Dilemmas. New York: Routledge.

Cooper, Robert & Nanthapa. (1982). Culture Shock! Thailand. Singapore: Times Books International.

Cushner, Kenneth, & Brislin, Richard. (eds.). (1997) Improving Intercultural Interactions: Modules for Cross-Cultural Training Programs (vol. 2). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.

Daily Yomiuri newspaper, various articles.

Elwood, Kate. (2001). Getting Along With the Japanese. Tokyo: Ask Publishing.

Fitzgerald, Nora. (2004). For Teens, It’s a Tough Transition. International Herald Tribune, June 26-27, p. 18.

Hanh, Thich Nhat. (1996). Cultivating the Mind of Love. Berkeley, California: Parallax Press.

Heine, Steven. (2008). Cultural Psychology. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.

Hofstede, Geert, & Hofstede, Gert Jan. (2005). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hofstede, Gert Jan; Pedersen, Paul; & Hofstede, Geert. (2002). Exploring Culture: Exercises, Stories, and Synthetic Cultures. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.

Japan Times newspaper article.

Keene, Donald. (ed.) (1955). Anthology of Japanese Literature. New York: Grove Press.

Kohls, Robert, & Knight, John. (1994). Developing Intercultural Awareness. Yarmouth, Maine, USA: Intercultural Press.

Lin, Phylis; Chao, Winston; Johnson, Terri; Persell, Joan; Tsang, Alfred. (eds.). (1992). Families: East and West (vol. 1). Indianapolis, Indiana, USA: University of Indianapolis Press.

Ma, Karen. (1996). The Modern Madame Butterfly: Fantasy and Reality in Japanese Cross-Cultural Relationships. Tokyo, Japan: Charles E. Tuttle.

New York Times newspaper, various articles.

Pawle, Reggie. Kansai Time Out – (no. 343) September, 2005, p. 45; (no. 347) January, 2006, p. 42; & (no. 349) March, 2006, p. 41.

Pirazzi, Chris, & Vasant, Vitida. (2004). Thailand Fever: A Road Map for Thai-Western Relationships. Bangkok: Paiboon Poomsan Publishing.

Rodriquez, Deborah. (2007). Kabul Beauty School: An American Woman Goes Behind the Veil. New York: Random House.

Romano, Dugan. (2001). Intercultural Marriage: Promises and Pitfalls. Yarmouth, Maine, USA: Intercultural Press.

Seelye, H. (1996). Experiential Activities for Intercultural Learning. Yarmouth, Maine, USA: Intercultural Press.

Shelling, G., & Fraser-Smith, J. (2008). In Love but Worlds Apart: Insights, Questions, and Tips for the Intercultural Couple. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: Authorhouse.

Storti, Craig. (1999). Figuring Foreigners Out: A Practical Guide. Yarmouth, Maine, USA: Intercultural Press.

Triandis, Harry. (1994). Culture and Social Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Welwood, John. (ed.). (1985). Challenge of the Heart: Love, Sex, and Intimacy in Changing Times. Boston: Shambhala.

Wenzhong, Hu, & Grove, Cornelius. (1999). Encountering the Chinese: A Guide for Americans. Yarmouth, Maine, USA: Intercultural Press.

Wile, Daniel. (1988). After the Honeymoon: How Conflict Can Improve Your Relationship. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

THE MYSTERY OF CROSS-CULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS: SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES

Reading Assignments

Week 1 – Beginnings

Class 1 – Introduction, culture shock, surprises –

Culture shock outline and questions

Class 2 – Culture shedding and adaptation

Movie: Doubles

Pawle, p. 41 & p. 45; FitzGerald, p. 18;

Rodriquez, pp. 3-30, 256-259, 299-301 (questions)

Week 2 – Psychological Issues

Class 1 - Culture and psychology – interpretation –

Seelye, pp. 194-197, 202, 205-206; Storti, pp. 6-23; Pirazzi & Vasant, p. 38.

Hofstede & Hofstede, pp. 1-6.

Class 2 – Beginning a relationship

Heine, pp. 462-478.

Exercise – Describe: What is a friend? What is a romantic relationship?

Cross-cultural Relationship Basics

Week 3 – Friendship relationship issues

Class 1 – National holiday – no class

Class 2 – Friendship relationship issues –

Wenzhong & Grove, pp. 69-75.

Student stories, pp. 1-4.

Disclosure exercise

Week 4 – Communication

Class 1 – Direct/indirect communication –

Storti, pp. 87-112, 123-126..

Canning, Ki-sho-ten-ketsu essay.

Class 2 – Individual/collective communication styles –

Bennett, pp. 111-129.

Newspaper articles: 2000 Shades of I Am a Cat & The World Is; Therefore I Am

Week 5 – Communication factors

Class 1 – Other communication factors –

Nonverbal, paralanguage, communication blocks, cultural appropriacy, etc.

Storti, pp. 113-122; Triandis, pp. 181-206; Pawle, p. 42Elwood, pp. 42-43; Yomiuri Shimbun article, “It’s No Laughing Matter – Or Is It?”

Class 2 – Cultural code words

De Mente, pp. 16-19, 25-29, 39-40, 55-56, 59-60, 64-65, 82-83, 108-109, 149-151, 164-165, 199-200, 24-215, 216-220, 282, 283.

言霊 (kotodama) insert.

Week 6 – Negotiating conflicts

Class 1 - Negotiating conflicts –

Hofstede & Hofstede, pp. 338-340; Cushner & Brislin, pp. 184-202.

Class 2 - Negotiating conflicts –

Cooper, pp. 99-112; Wile, pp. 47-90.

Week 7 – Values in relationships

Class 1 – Western values

Hofstede & Hofstede, pp. 6-13.

Shelling & Fraser-Smith, pp. 59-64; Pirazzi & Vasant, pp. 36-60.

Class 2 – Asian values

Insert, pp. 1-2; Wenzhong & Grove, pp. 117-131;

Pirazzi & Vasant, pp. 60-94.

Confucianism, Thai values

Daily Yomiuri article, “Two Worlds Collide at Home.”

Week 8 – Midterm exam; sex, gender, and culture

Class 1 – Midterm exam

Class 2 – Sex, gender, and culture

Heine, 191-197; Research summary, pp. 1-2.

Week 9 – Love in the West and East

Class 1 – Love and myths in the West

Campbell, pp. 1-9, 231-257.

Class 2 – Love in Asia

Pawle, pp.1-6; Chang, in Lin, et. al., pp. 109-114; Chikamatsu, in Keene, pp. 391, 404-409.

Week 10 – Love Beginnings

Class 1 – Motivation: expectations, stereotypes

Ma, pp. 17-23, 34-36; Shelling & Fraser-Smith, pp. 8-17, 27-30, 82-89;

Pirazzi & Vasant, p. 220.

Daily Yomiuri article, “Intl Marriages More Common.”

Role play preparation

Class 2 – Falling in love: Western writers

Welwood, pp. 33-57

Week 11 – Love Beginnings; Sexuality

Class 1 – Falling in love: Vietnamese Buddhist love story

Hanh, pp. 7-9, 15-21, 31-34, 47-49, 55-60, 71-76, 109-121.

Class 2 – Western & Asian sexual attitudes

Shelling & Fraser-Smith, pp. 17-20; Romano, pp. 51-56;

Pirazzi & Vasant, pp. 96-106, 110-126; Oedipus & Ajase myths insert, pp. 1-2

Week 12 – Issues; Role Plays

Class 1 – Issues

Romano, pp. 35-36, 45-50, 57-64, 69-76, 85-95, 141-145.

Pirazzi & Vasant, pp. 168-172, 194-204.

Class 2 – Role Plays

Week 13 – Issues and Working It Out; Role play papers due

Class 1 – Issues ; Role play papers due

Romano, pp. 97-102, 113-129.

Pirazzi & Vasant, pp. 140-146, 156-164.

Class 2 – Working it out

Pirazzi & Vasant, pp. 206-218, Shelling & Fraser-Smith, pp. 119-139;

Japan Times article, “Mind the Gap.”

Week 14 – The long term

Class 2 – What sustains a relationship?

Heine, 479-487; Survey; Student story, pp. 1-2.

Class 2 – Sad stories, happy stories

Sad Stories – Ma, pp. 115-116, 122-123, 156-167.

Daily Yomiuri article, “Reality Ruins Dreams of Life in Japan.”

Happy Stories – Ma, pp. 116-117, 153-156, 167-170, 245-251.

Week 15 – Final Paper due

(3) CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY (Fall 2009)

Reggie Pawle, Ph.D., www.reggiepawle.net; reggiepawle@yahoo.com

Office # 3318; Office Hours: Monday 13:15-14:15; Wednesday 16:00-17:00

Our psychology is interwoven with the society within which we live. How we understand ourselves and how we function psychologically is culturally based. How we think, how we feel, how we act – all these are greatly influenced culturally. As societies become more and more interactive, knowledge and sensitivity to similarities and differences of the psychologies of people around the world increases in importance. Cross-cultural psychology is a comparative study of psychologies of different cultures. This course focuses on studies of comparisons of two parts of psychology. The first is comparisons of important aspects of psychological functioning: sense of self, thinking, perception, emotions, approaches to pain, cultural uses of myths, and cultural understandings of relationships and love. The second is comparisons of psychotherapies in different cultures and a study of ways in which these psychotherapies have been integrated. Case studies that are examples of these psychotherapies will be explored and discussed. For more information, see Dr. Pawle’s website: www.reggiepawle.net.

COURSE TOPICS

Sense of self and identity: Collective or Individual? We-self or I-self?

Self in relationship – cross-cultural considerations

Comparisons: Existential psychology and Amae (甘え) psychology

Love and sexuality East and West

Cultural considerations in psychotherapy: India, China, Korea, and Japan

Gestalt therapy and Satir family therapy

Psychological cross-cultural research

Cognitive and perceptual differences between East and West

Universal emotions and cultural display rules

Neurological research and Buddhist psychology

Comparisons: approaches to pain – Logotherapy and Buddhist psychology

GRADING

5% Connection paper – “How is My Self-Portrait Cultural?” - Due Week 4, Class 2

15% Midterm exam: Week 6, Class 2

15% Values Comparison With a Classmate paper: Due Week 6, Class 2

30% Presentation and paper: Due Week 12, Classes 1 & 2

25% Take-home final exam: Due Finals Week (Week 15)

10% Class participation

CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY (Fall 2009)

Readings will be selected from the following:

Begley, Sharon. (2007). Dalai Lama Leads a Meeting of the Minds. Wall Street Journal, January 19-21, p. 26.

Begley, Sharon. (2007). Train Your Mind, Change Your Brain: How a New Science Reveals Our Extraordinary Potential to Transform Ourselves. New York: Ballantine Books.

Berry, John; Segall, Marshall; & Kagitcibasi, Cigdem. (1997). Handbook of Cross-cultural Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Brand, Paul, & Yancey, Philip. (1995). The Gift of Pain. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA: Zondervan.

Campbell, Joseph. (1988). The Power of Myth. New York: Anchor Books.

Dalai Lama & Cutler, Howard. (1998). The Art of Happiness. London: Hodder & Stoughton.

Doi, Takeo. (1971). The Anatomy of Dependence. Tokyo: Kodansha International.

Ekman, Paul. (2003). Emotions Revealed. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

Frankl, Victor. (1959). Man’s Search for Meaning. Boston: Beacon Press.

Fromm, Erich. (1956). The Art of Loving. New York: HarperPerennial.

Goleman, Daniel. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.

Heine, Stephen. (2007). Cultural Psychology. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.

Hofstede, Gert Jan; Pedersen, Paul; & Hofstede, Geert. (2002). Exploring Culture: Exercises, Stories, and Synthetic Cultures. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press.

Hofstede, Geert, & Hofstede, Gert Jan. (2005). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Kasulis, T.P. (1981). Zen Action, Zen Person. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Kawai, Hayao. (1996). Buddhism and the Art of Psychotherapy. College Station, Texas, USA: Texas A&M University Press.

Kohls, Robert, & Knight, John. (1994). Developing Intercultural Awareness. Yarmouth, Maine, USA: Intercultural Press.

Matsumoto, David; Yoo, Seung Hee; & Fontaine, Johnny. (2008). Mapping Expressive Differences Around the World. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, vol. 39, no. 1 (January).

Naranjo, Claudio. (1993). Gestalt Therapy: The Attitude and Practice of an Atheoretical Experientialism. Nevada City, California, USA: Gateways/IDHHB Publishing.

Nisbett, Richard. (2003). The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think

Differently … And Why. New York: Free Press.

Pachen, Ani, & Donnelley, Adelaide. (2002). Sorrow Mountain. Tokyo: Kodansha.

Pawle, Reggie. (2004). キリスト教と禅仏教における愛 (Love in Christianity and Zen Buddhism), in 知命(Shimei), August 16, 2004, pp. 4-8.

Pawle, Reggie. (2009). Negotiating for a Life in a Buddhist Way: A Case of Cross-Cultural Communication and Ecology. Japanese Religions, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 83-88.

Perls, Fritz. (1992). Gestalt Therapy Verbatim. Highland, New York, USA: The Center for Gestalt Development.

Roland, Alan. (1988). In Search of Self in India and Japan: Toward a Cross-Cultural Psychology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Roland, Alan. (1996). Cultural Pluralism and Psychoanalysis: The Asian and North American Experience. New York: Routledge.

Ramaswamy, Krishnan; de Nicolas, Antonio; & Banerjee, Aditi. (2007). Invading the Sacred: An Analysis of Hinduism Studies in America. New Delhi: Rupa & Co.

Student Papers, Unpublished: Sawako Kojima, Sylvia Tonui, Moe Kurachi.

Timmer, John. (2007). Emoticons Carry Cultural Baggage. May 14, 2007. http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070514-emoticons-carry-cultural-baggage.html

Tseng, Wen-Shing; Chang, Suk Choo; & Nishizono, Masahisa. (eds.). (2005). Asian Culture and Psychotherapy: Implications for East and West. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Unno, Mark. (2006). (ed.) Buddhism and Psychotherapy Across Cultures. Boston: Wisdom Publications.

Wei-ming, Tu. (1985). Selfhood and Otherness in Confucian Thought. In A. Marsella, G. Devos, & F. Hsu (Eds.), Culture and Self: Asian and Western Perspectives (pp. 231-249. New York: Tavistock Publications.

Yalom, Irvin. (1980). Existential Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.

Yomiuri Shimbun, Japanese newspaper, various articles.

CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY (Fall 2009)

Reading Assignments

SELF

Week 1 – Introduction; Sense of Self

Class 1 – Introduction; relevance of psychology; dreams

Class 2 – Sense of self, identity – Identity art picture

Kojima, Tonui, and student reports.

Yomiuri Shimbum article, “If They’re Lost, Who Are We?”

CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH

Week 2 – Theories of self

Class 1 – I-self, We-self; Research introduction –

Reading for this class: Roland, 1988, pp. xiv-xix, 3-13; Roland, 1996, pp. 3-13, 18-21; Kurachi paper.

Research reference material for research project: Methodology description,

pp. 1-5; Matsumoto, Yoo, & Fontaine, pp. 55-74; Pawle, pp. 66-92;

Class 2 – Individualism and collectivism –

Nisbett, pp. 47-77;

Yomiuri Shimbun article “Unhelpful clerks a result of individualism.”

International Herald Tribune, “Depression as antidote to overreach.”

Week 3 – Value Dimensions

Class 1 – National holiday – no class

Class 2 – What are values? Individualism and collectivism;

Hofstede website: http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95&culture2=50#compare

Hofstede, et. al., pp. 94-97

Hofstede & Hofstede, pp. 1-13; pp. 73-86 (to “Individualism … Family”); p. 92 (from “Language … Cultures”) – p. 99 (to “Individualism … Workplace”); p. 103 (from “Individualism … State”) – p.114.

Yomiuri Shimbun article, “Different Perspectives on Freedom.”

Yomiuri Shimbun article, “Being an Individual or Joining the Group.”

Week 4 – Value Dimensions

Class 1 – Hierarchy-equality

Hofstede, et. al., pp. 98-100.

Hofstede & Hofstede, pp.39-51 (to “Power …Family”);

p. 58 (from “Power … State”) – p. 72.

Yomiuri Shimbun article, “As American As Apple Pie, As Japanese As Sempai.”

Class 2 – Masculine-feminine

Hofstede, et. al., pp. 101-104.

Hofstede & Hofstede, pp. 115-128 (to “Masculinity … Family”); pp. 131 (from pp.131 (from “Masculinity...Sex”) – p.141 (to “Masculinity...Workplace”);

p. 146 (from “Masculinity … State”) – p. 162.

Week 5 – Value Dimensions

Class 1 – Uncertainty tolerance

Hofstede, et. al., pp. 105-108.

Hofstede & Hofstede, pp. 163-173 (to “Uncertainty … Age”);

p.177 (from “Uncertainty…Health”) – p. 181;

p. 186 (from “Uncertainty…Motivation”) – p.205.

Yomiuri Shimbun article, “Lives of Principle and Policy.”

Class 2 – Short-term/long-term orientation

Hofstede, et. al., pp. 109-113.

Hofstede & Hofstede, pp. 207-212 (to “Long … Family”);

p. 221 (from “Long- … Growth”) – p. 238.

Yomiuri Shimbun article, “China Revives Honor Code.”

Week 6 – Review; Midterm Exam and Values Comparison paper

Class 1 – Self & Values Review

Kohls & Knight, pp. 85-122.

Pawle, pp. 83-88.

Ramaswamy, de Nicolas, & Banerjee, pp. vii-ix, comics, 467-468.

Class 2 – Midterm Exam; Values Comparison paper due

Week 7 – Cognitive Styles

Class 1 – Differences in perception

Nisbett, pp. 79-109.

Class 2 – Organization of thinking;

Nisbett, pp. 137-163; Yomiuri Shimbun articles - “Language and the Expression of Psychological States,” “I Am a Cat,” “The world is.”

Week 8 – Emotions

Class 1 – Emotions as cultural

Heine, pp. 311-322, 330-339, 342-344.

Goleman, pp. 113-114; Timmer, pp. 1-2; Matsumoto, Yoo, & Fontaine, pp. 55-74.

Class 2 – Universal emotions

Ekman, pp. 1-16.

Heine, pp. 322-331

Week 9 – Emotions; Cultural Considerations in Psychotherapy

Class 1 – Happiness set point

Begley, pp. 152, 212-242; Begley, in Wall Street Journal, p. 26.

Cultural Considerations in Psychotherapy

Week 9 – Separation/Individuation vs Dependency

Class 2 – Separation/Individuation

Yalom, pp. 362-373; Fromm, pp. 36-53.

Week 10 – Separation/Individuation vs Dependency; Personal Growth

Class 1 – Dependency Relationships

Doi, pp. 28-39, 57-64, 72-75, 81-82, 84-95.

Class 2 – Personal growth East & West

Kawai, pp. 36-68, 84-87.

Week 11 – Emotions; Cultural Considerations in Psychotherapy

What is fundamental psychologically?

Class 1 – Individualist Relationships: Existential psychotherapy

Yalom, pp. 3-14, 27-29, 215-222, 286-291, 353-356, 419-424.

Class 2 – Collective fundamentals

Wei-ming, pp. 233-251; Kasulis, pp. 3-15; Confucian Values insert.

Week 12 – Presentations & Research Paper

Class 1 – Presentations

Class 2 – Presentations

Research Paper due

PSYCHOTHERAPY

Week 13 – Talk therapy, Gestalt therapy

Class 1 – Cultural considerations in talk therapy

Psychotherapy style #1 – Talk therapy

Roland, 1996, pp. 83-100; Tseng, in Tseng, Chang, & Nishizono, pp. 270-279.

Class 2 – Pure experience, Gestalt therapy, & R.D. Laing

Psychotherapy style #2 – Experiential therapy

Naranjo, p. 1-17; Perls, p. 101-103, 128-134.

Week 14 – Approaches to pain

Class 1 – Western existentialist

Frankl, pp. 74-91, 103-111, 116-125.

Brand & Yancey, pp. 3-7, 11-13, 232-236.

New York Times article, “Betancourt Tells of Pain, Fear and Faith”

Class 2 – Tibetan Buddhist

Pachen, pp. 194-207, 221.

Dalai Lama & Cutler, pp. 167-181.

Japan Times article, “Escapee gives glimpse of North prison camps”

Week 15 – Final exam -- Take-home exam